It was sometimes also called bastion with a tenaille. A cut bastion is that which has a re-entering angle at the point.The term is also used of bastions built on a right line. A flat bastion is one built in the middle of a curtain, or enclosed court, when the court is too large to be defended by the bastions at its extremes.The ground is so low, that if the rampart is taken, no retrenchment can be made in the centre, but what will lie under the fire of the besieged. Void or hollow bastions are those that have a rampart, or parapet, only around their flanks and faces, so that a void space is left towards the centre.Solid bastions are those that are filled up entirely, and have the ground even with the height of the rampart, without any empty space towards the centre.Various kinds of bastions have been used throughout history. This could be achieved by the use of retrenchments in which a trench was dug across the rear (gorge) of the bastion isolating it from the main rampart Types Some bastion designs attempted to minimise this problem. If a bastion was successfully stormed it would provide the attackers with a stronghold from which to launch further attacks. The top of the bastion which was exposed to enemy fire would not normally be faced with masonry otherwise canon balls hitting the surface would scatter lethal stone shards among the defenders. Cannon balls were expected to pass through this and be absorbed by a greater thickness of hard-packed earth or rubble behind. This allowed more cannon to be mounted and provided enough space for the crews to operate them.Īlthough surviving examples of bastions are usually faced with masonry, unlike the wall of a tower, this was just a retaining wall. This eliminated dead ground making it possible for the defenders to fire upon any point directly in front of the bastion.īastions also cover a larger area than most towers. In contrast to typical late medieval towers, bastions (apart from early examples) were flat sided rather than curved. This glacis shielded most of the bastion from the attacker's cannon while the distance from the base of the ditch to the top of the bastion meant it was still difficult to scale. A bastion would normally have a ditch in front, the opposite side of which would be built up above the natural level then slope away gradually. The height of towers, although making them difficult to scale, also made them easy for artillery to destroy. Bastions are lower than towers and are normally of similar height to the adjacent curtain wall. Send us feedback about these examples.Bastions differ from medieval towers in a number of respects. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'temperance.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Patt Morrisoncolumnist, Los Angeles Times, 1 Nov. 2022 The prospering wine business - and threats like tariffs, temperance movements and disease - nudged the state to create a viticultural commission board, which still exists. Grayson Haver Currin, Outside Online, 30 Dec. 2023 This isn’t some call for prohibition or even temperance. 2023 Public health guidance is veering toward temperance, but with some important caveats. 2022 The temperance movement was not confined to the U.S. 11 Finally, tomorrow is Frances Willard Day in Minnesota and Wisconsin to celebrate the contributions of the American temperance leader, reformer, and suffragist. Lizabeth Cohen, Washington Post, 5 Jan. 2023 Natalia Mehlman Petrzela exposes how, despite the frequent charge that feminism is anti-family, from its origins in temperance and abolitionism through to suffrage and the founding of the National Organization for Women most feminists have defended the traditional family. Grace Ashford Cindy Schultz, New York Times, 12 Mar. Anthony and the novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe, as well as Civil War nurses and a temperance crusader. 2022 The six female additions include the suffragist Susan B. Recent Examples on the Web The official posture of the times was temperance.
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